HP CSUB Utility for BASIC 6.0
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A compiled subprogram (CSUB) is a
routine that is written in either Pascal or assembly
language on a Pascal workstation and transformed into a
routine that is callable as a subprogram from BASIC.
Either a single CSUB or a library of CSUBs may be
generated using this technique. then, after leaving the
Pascal workstation and entering the BASIC system, the
CSUB is loaded into memory using the LOAD or LOADSUB
command and called like any other BASIC subprogram.
Note:
CSUBs written for BASIC 2.0 or 2.1 must be
created on a Pascal 2.0 workstation. CSUBs
written for BASIC 3.0 or later must be created on
a Pascal 3.0 or later workstation, using the CSUB
utilities whose revision corresponds to the
revision of BASIC. This page pertains to the CSUB
Utility for BASIC 6.0. though BASIC 6.0 is
globalized, Pascal is not. This affects how you
use the CRT I/O command, DISP_AT_XY. The BASIC
6.0 CSUB Utility may be used with any 6.x version
of BASIC/WS, however, BASIC/UX 300 version 6.5
requires the 6.5 edition of the CSUB utility.
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A working knowledge of the BASIC
language, editor, data types, and subprograms is
required.
Before creating CSUBs, you must also know how to use
the Pascal workstation to write and compile programs. To
generate CSUBs, a good working knowledge of the Editor,
the Compiler (or Assembler), and the Librarian is
necessary.
You should also understand the Pascal language
IMPORT/EXPORT features which will be used heavily to
incorporate information from librairies. For information,
see the "Pascal Compiler" chapter in the Pascal
Workstation System Manual.
The principles of linking in Pascal must be understood
before attempting to link additional modules and
libraries into a CSUB. For information, see the "The
Librarian" chapter in the Pascal Workstation
System Manual.
Learn these things before proceeding with CSUBs. All
this information can be obtained from the Pascal
Workstation System Manual.
CSUBs are used to fill a number of
needs:
- Because the compiled or assembled routines are in
680000-family machine code, they have a speed
advantage over BASIC interpreted code.
Computational routines are faster when written in
Pascal.
- CSUBs are in object code on the disk, therefore,
source code does not have to be released with
them. This provides a greater measure of security
for programs employing them.
- CSUBs are useful when libraries of routines are
needed for both Pascal and BASIC environments. By
writing the routines in Pascal, you only need to
write the routine once as a CSUB rather than once
in BASIC and once in Pascal.
For examplbe, when a set of benchmark programs were
run, performance using CSUBs was far superior to BASIC.
In therse benchmarks, REAL and INTEGER loops,
transcendetal and non-transcendental math, quick and
shell sorts, and matrix multiplication were compared. For
the quick sort, the CSUB ran many times faster than a
similar BASIC routine.For transcendental math, the CSUB
was found to be marginally faster.
The price paid for this speed is the size of the
routines. CSUB code will always be larger than
comparable BASIC code. Two reasons for this size increase
are:
- BASIC "source" code is represented
internally in a tokenized RPN (reverse Polish
Notation) form. this results in space savings,
even compared against the "pure" code
of a CSUB.
- Support routines needed by the CSUB (such as real
number manipulation) must be linked with the
CSUB. Even though the same low-level code may
exist in BASIC, the overhead of calling these
BASIC routines removes the speed advantage
There are some limitations in using
CSUBs. Only BASIC INTEGER, REAL, COMPLEX, string and I/O
path type parameters can be passed to a CSUB as opposed
to Pascal data structures. Routines must have all
external references fully resolved before they can be
used as CSUBs. This may lead to problems if calls to
Pascal system routines generate unresolved external
references or other errors.
The Pascal Procedure Library is now supported for
HP-IB and GPIO cards. Limited support is available for
RS-232C interfaces. However, no transfer capability is
supported. Also, limited file access is now allowed.
The CSUB utility consists of several
different components; two libraries and three programs.
| Libraries: The two
libraries that are included are CSUBDECL and
CSUBLIB. CSUBDECL's declarations may be imported
into your CSUB routines using the Pascal IMPORT
command (e.g., IMPORT SCUBDECL;). CSUBDECL is a
library file that contains the export
text/declarations for the modules CSUBDECL, CSFA,
KBDCRT, HEAP, COMSTUFF, and CSUBENTRY. The
CSUBDECL module contains no code. The CSUBDECL
file is only for use during compilation.
CSUBDECL Modules
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| Module |
Contents |
| COMSTUFF |
Export text for routines
for accessing COM |
| CSFA |
Miscellaneous BASIC file I/O
decalrations |
| CSUBDECL |
Type declarations for passing BASIC
parameters |
| CSUBENTRY |
Export text neede to facilitate entry
and exit from CSUB |
| HEAP |
Export text for routines that support
heap management (requires COMSTUFF) |
| KBDCRT |
Miscellaneous BASIC keyboard and crt
I/O declarations |
CSUBLIB is the other library
file and contains run-time support for CSUBs
(used when linking). There are no declaratons
(i.e. export text) in CSUBLIB to be imported. It
holds the following modules:
CSUBLIB Modules
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| Module |
Contents |
| ALLREALS |
Real number arithmetic
support |
| COMSTUFF |
Contains routines for accessing COM
(export text in CSUBDECL) |
| CSFA |
Miscellaneous BASIC file I/O
decalrations |
| CSUBENTRY |
contains code to facilitate entry and
exit from CSUB (must always be present;
export text in CSUBDECL) |
| CSUBSYM |
Defines some entrypoiints into BASIC
and bootrom routines. It contains no
code. (must always be present) |
| FS |
Support for string and INTEGER reaad
and write |
| GENERAL_0 |
Read and write firmware interface
registers |
| GENERAL_1 |
Character I/O routines plus timeout
and I/O sytem setup |
| GENERAL_2 |
Implements string and real number I/O |
| GENERAL_3 |
Translates Pascal I/O errors into
text messages |
| HEAP |
Contains routines to support heap
management (requires COMSTUFF; export
text in CSUBDECL) |
| HPIB_0 |
Provide low-level access to the HP-IB
controller and bus |
| HPIB_1 |
Low-level bus control commands for
HP-IB |
| HPIB_2 |
HP-IB message commands |
| HPIB_3 |
High-level bus status and control
commands for HP-IB |
| HPM |
Additional heap routines necessary
when HEAP_DISPOSE compiler option is
turned on (requires COMSTUFF and HEAP) |
| IOCOMASM |
Tests and manipulates bits in a
32-bit INTEGER |
| IODECLARATIONS |
Must be present to use GENERAL and
HPIB modules |
| KBDCRT |
Miscellaneous BASIC keyboard and crt
I/O routines |
| MFS |
Support for REAL read and write
(requires ALLREALS and FS) |
| MISC |
Miscellaneous Pascal support routines |
| SETSTUFF |
Support routines for Pascal sets (3.0
only) |
| STRING |
Pascal string support routines |
Programs:
The first program, called BUILC.BUILDC, is an
interactive program run by you to gather
information about the subprogram (CSUB) being
generated and how it will look to BASIC.
The other two programs, RELDATA and BUILDLIF,
are used by the stream file, GENC.TEXT. The GENC
stream file is a sequenced batch file containing
commands to link the user routine with library
routines, execute the program that extracts
relocation information, link the jump and header
file with the user routines and then execute a
program that writes completed routines to a
formatted disk.
The first program to be executed in the GENC
stream file is RELDATA, which generates
relocation information for BASIC. RELDATA reports
all unsatisfied external references. The second
program, BUILDLIF, takes the fully linked routine
and reformats it to a BASIC PROG file.
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BASIC/WS 6.x CSUB Utility (includes
License and Media)
Part #: 98616S
Price: US $340.00
Upgrade BASIC/WS 6.x CSUB Utility (includes License
and Media)
Part #: 98616S-001
Price: US $140.00
The Manuals "HP BASIC 6.0 CSUB Utility"
(98616-90006) and "Creating CSUBs for
RMB/UX" (E2040-90003) are included on our BASIC
Documentation CD.
Part #: 2047K
Price: US $300.00
Annual Support Contracts are available
for this product. For more information about our support
services, please click [here].
CSUB Utility Support License to Use
Part #: 98616S-0028
Price: US $120.00 (12 months)
CSUB Utility Support Media
Part #: 98616S-0028
Price: US $240.00 (12 months
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